import pillarbox from '../pillarbox.js';
/** @import Player from 'video.js/dist/types/player' */
/* eslint max-statements: ["error", 25]*/
/**
* The PillarboxMonitoring class retrieves data about media playback.
*
* This data can be used to :
* - help investigate playback problems
* - measure the quality of our service
*
* The sending of this data tries to respect as much as possible the
* specification described in the link below.
*
* However, some platforms may have certain limitations.
* In this case, only the data available will be sent.
*
* @see https://github.com/SRGSSR/pillarbox-documentation/blob/main/Specifications/monitoring.md
*/
class PillarboxMonitoring {
/**
* Creates an instance of PillarboxMonitoring.
*
* @constructor
* @param {Player} player The player instance to be monitored
* @param {PillarboxMonitoringOptions} [options={}] Configuration options for the monitoring
* @param {string} [options.playerName='none'] The name of the player
* @param {string} [options.playerVersion='none'] The version of the player
* @param {string} [options.platform='Web'] The platform on which the player is running
* @param {number} [options.schemaVersion=1] The version of the schema used for monitoring
* @param {number} [options.heartbeatInterval=30000] The interval in milliseconds for sending heartbeat signals
* @param {string} [options.beaconUrl='https://monitoring.pillarbox.ch/api/events'] The URL for the monitoring beacon
*/
constructor(player, {
playerName = 'none',
playerVersion = 'none',
platform = 'Web',
schemaVersion = 1,
heartbeatInterval = 30_000,
beaconUrl = 'https://monitoring.pillarbox.ch/api/events'
} = {}) {
/**
* @type {import('video.js/dist/types/player').default}
*/
this.player = player;
/**
* @type {string}
*/
this.playerName = playerName;
/**
* @type {string}
*/
this.playerVersion = playerVersion;
/**
* @type {string}
*/
this.platform = platform;
/**
* @type {string}
*/
this.schemaVersion = schemaVersion;
/**
* @type {Number}
*/
this.heartbeatInterval = heartbeatInterval;
/**
* @type {string}
*/
this.beaconUrl = beaconUrl;
/**
* @type {string}
*/
this.currentSessionId = undefined;
/**
* @type {Number}
*/
this.lastPlaybackDuration = 0;
/**
* @type {Number}
*/
this.lastPlaybackStartTimestamp = 0;
/**
* @type {Number}
*/
this.lastStallCount = 0;
/**
* @type {Number}
*/
this.lastStallDuration = 0;
/**
* @type {Number}
*/
this.loadStartTimestamp = undefined;
/**
* @type {Number}
*/
this.metadataRequestTime = 0;
/**
* @type {string}
*/
this.mediaAssetUrl = undefined;
/**
* @type {string}
*/
this.mediaId = undefined;
/**
* @type {string}
*/
this.mediaMetadataUrl = undefined;
/**
* @type {string}
*/
this.mediaOrigin = undefined;
/**
* @type {Number}
*/
this.tokenRequestTime = 0;
this.addListeners();
}
/**
* Adds event listeners to the player and the window.
*/
addListeners() {
this.bindCallBacks();
this.player.on('loadstart', this.loadStart);
this.player.on('loadeddata', this.loadedData);
this.player.on('playing', this.playbackStart);
this.player.on('pause', this.playbackStop);
this.player.on('error', this.error);
this.player.on(['playerreset', 'dispose', 'ended'], this.sessionStop);
this.player.on(['waiting', 'stalled'], this.stalled);
window.addEventListener('beforeunload', this.sessionStop);
}
/**
* The current bandwidth of the last segment download.
*
* @returns {number|undefined} The current bandwidth in bits per second,
* undefined otherwise.
*/
bandwidth() {
const playerStats = this.player
.tech(true).vhs ? this.player.tech(true).vhs.stats : undefined;
return playerStats ? playerStats.bandwidth : undefined;
}
/**
* Binds the callback functions to the current instance.
*/
bindCallBacks() {
this.error = this.error.bind(this);
this.loadedData = this.loadedData.bind(this);
this.loadStart = this.loadStart.bind(this);
this.playbackStart = this.playbackStart.bind(this);
this.playbackStop = this.playbackStop.bind(this);
this.stalled = this.stalled.bind(this);
this.sessionStop = this.sessionStop.bind(this);
}
/**
* Get the buffer duration in milliseconds.
*
* @returns {Number} The buffer duration
*/
bufferDuration() {
const buffered = this.player.buffered();
let bufferDuration = 0;
for (let i = 0; i < buffered.length; i++) {
const start = buffered.start(i);
const end = buffered.end(i);
bufferDuration += end - start;
}
return PillarboxMonitoring.secondsToMilliseconds(bufferDuration);
}
/**
* Gets the language of the current audio track.
*
* @returns {string|undefined} The language of the current audio track, or undefined if no audio track is available or if the language is not set.
*/
currentAudioTrack() {
const audioTrack = this.player.audioTrack();
if (!audioTrack || !audioTrack.language) return;
return audioTrack.language;
}
/**
* Get the current representation when playing a Dash or Hls media.
*
* @typedef {Object} Representation
* @property {number|undefined} bandwidth The bandwidth of the current
* representation
* @property {number|undefined} programDateTime The program date time of the
* current representation
* @property {string|undefined} uri The URL of the current representation
*
* @returns {Representation|undefined} The current representation object
* undefined otherwise
*/
currentRepresentation() {
const {
activeCues: { cues_: [cue] } = { cues_: [] }
} = Array.from(this.player.textTracks())
.find(({ label, kind }) => kind === 'metadata' && label === 'segment-metadata') || {};
return cue ? cue.value : undefined;
}
/**
* Get the current resource information including bitrate and URL when available.
*
* @typedef {Object} Resource
* @property {number|undefined} bitrate The bitrate of the current resource
* @property {string|undefined} url The URL of the current resource
*
* @returns {Resource} The current resource information.
*/
currentResource() {
let { bandwidth: bitrate, uri: url } = this.currentRepresentation() || {};
if (pillarbox.browser.IS_ANY_SAFARI) {
const { configuration } = Array
.from(this.player.videoTracks()).find(track => track.selected) || {};
bitrate = configuration ? configuration.bitrate : undefined;
url = this.player.currentSource().src;
}
return {
bitrate,
url
};
}
/**
* The media data of the current source.
*
* @returns {Object} The media data of the current source, or an empty object
* if no media data is available.
*/
currentSourceMediaData() {
if (!this.player.currentSource().mediaData) return {};
return this.player.currentSource().mediaData;
}
/**
* Gets the language of the current text track (subtitles or captions).
*
* @returns {string|undefined} The language of the current text track, or undefined if no text track is available or if the language is not set.
*/
currentTextTrack() {
const textTrack = this.player.textTrack();
if (!textTrack || !textTrack.language) return;
return textTrack.language;
}
/**
* Handles player errors by sending an `ERROR` event, then resets the session.
*/
error() {
const audio = this.currentAudioTrack();
const error = this.player.error();
const playbackPosition = this.playbackPosition();
const representation = this.currentRepresentation();
const url = representation ?
representation.uri : this.player.currentSource().src;
const subtitles = this.currentTextTrack();
if (!this.player.hasStarted()) {
this.sendEvent('START', this.startEventData());
}
this.sendEvent('ERROR', {
audio,
log: JSON
.stringify(error.metadata || pillarbox.log.history().slice(-15)),
message: error.message,
name: PillarboxMonitoring.errorKeyCode(error.code),
...playbackPosition,
subtitles,
url
});
this.reset();
}
/**
* Get the DRM license request duration from performance API.
*
* @returns {number|undefined} The request duration
*/
getDrmRequestDuration() {
const keySystems = Object
.values(this.player.currentSource().keySystems || {})
.map(keySystem => keySystem.url);
if (!keySystems.length) return;
const resource = performance
.getEntriesByType('resource')
.filter(({ initiatorType, name }) =>
initiatorType === 'xmlhttprequest' && keySystems.includes(name))
.pop();
return resource && resource.duration;
}
/**
* Get metadata information from the performance API for a given id.
*
* @typedef {Object} MetadataInfo
* @property {string} name The URL of the resource
* @property {number} duration The duration of the resource fetch in milliseconds
*
* @param {string} id The id to search for in the resource entries
*
* @returns {MetadataInfo|undefined} An object containing metadata
* information, or undefined otherwise
*/
getMetadataInfo(id) {
const resource = performance
.getEntriesByType('resource')
.filter(({ initiatorType, name }) =>
initiatorType === 'fetch' && name.includes(id))
.pop();
if (!resource) return {};
return {
name: resource.name,
duration: resource.duration
};
}
/**
* Get the Akamai token request duration from performance API.
*
* @returns {number|undefined} The request duration
*/
getTokenRequestDuration(tokenType) {
if (!tokenType) return;
const resource = performance
.getEntriesByType('resource')
.filter(({ initiatorType, name }) =>
initiatorType === 'fetch' && name.includes('/akahd/token'))
.pop();
return resource && resource.duration;
}
/**
* Send an 'HEARTBEAT' event with the date of the current playback state at
* regular intervals.
*/
heartbeat() {
this.heartbeatIntervalId = setInterval(() => {
this.sendEvent('HEARTBEAT', this.statusEventData());
}, this.heartbeatInterval);
}
/**
* Check if the tracker is disabled.
*
* @returns {Boolean} __true__ if disabled __false__ otherwise.
*/
isTrackerDisabled() {
const currentSource = this.player.currentSource();
if (!Array.isArray(currentSource.disableTrackers)) {
return Boolean(currentSource.disableTrackers);
}
return Boolean(
currentSource.disableTrackers.find(
(tracker) => tracker.toLowerCase() === PillarboxMonitoring
.name.toLowerCase()
)
);
}
/**
* Handles the session start by sending a `START` event immediately followed
* by a `HEARTBEAT` when the `loadeddata` event is triggered.
*/
loadedData() {
this.sendEvent('START', this.startEventData());
this.sendEvent('HEARTBEAT', this.statusEventData());
// starts the heartbeat interval
this.heartbeat();
}
/**
* Handles `loadstart` event and captures the current timestamp. Will be used
* to calculate the media loading time.
*/
loadStart() {
// if the content is a plain old URL
if (
!Object.keys(this.currentSourceMediaData()).length &&
this.currentSessionId
) {
this.sessionStop();
// Reference timestamp used to calculate the different time metrics.
this.sessionStartTimestamp = PillarboxMonitoring.timestamp();
}
this.loadStartTimestamp = PillarboxMonitoring.timestamp();
}
/**
* The media information.
*
* @typedef {Object} MediaInfo
* @property {string} asset_url The URL of the media
* @property {string} id The ID of the media
* @property {string} metadata_url The URL of the media metadata
* @property {string} origin The origin of the media
*
* @returns {MediaInfo} An object container the media information
*/
mediaInfo() {
return {
asset_url: this.mediaAssetUrl,
id: this.mediaId,
metadata_url: this.mediaMetadataUrl,
origin: this.mediaOrigin,
};
}
/**
* The total playback duration for the current session.
*
* @returns {number} The total playback duration in milliseconds.
*/
playbackDuration() {
if (!this.lastPlaybackStartTimestamp) {
return this.lastPlaybackDuration;
}
return (
PillarboxMonitoring.timestamp() +
this.lastPlaybackDuration -
this.lastPlaybackStartTimestamp
);
}
/**
* The current playback position and position timestamp.
*
* @typedef {Object} PlaybackPosition
* @property {number} position The current playback position in milliseconds
* @property {number|undefined} position_timestamp The timestamp of the
* current playback position, or undefined if not available
*
* @returns {PlaybackPosition} The playback position object.
*/
playbackPosition() {
const currentRepresentation = this.currentRepresentation();
const position = PillarboxMonitoring
.secondsToMilliseconds(this.player.currentTime());
let position_timestamp;
// Get the position timestamp from the program date time when VHS is used
// or undefined if there is no value
if (currentRepresentation) {
position_timestamp = currentRepresentation.programDateTime;
}
// Calculate the position timestamp from the start date on Safari
if (pillarbox.browser.IS_ANY_SAFARI) {
const startDate = Date.parse(this.player.$('video').getStartDate());
position_timestamp = !isNaN(startDate) ?
(startDate + position) : undefined;
}
return {
position,
position_timestamp
};
}
/**
* Assign the timestamp each time the playback starts.
*/
playbackStart() {
this.lastPlaybackStartTimestamp = PillarboxMonitoring.timestamp();
}
/**
* Calculates and accumulates the duration of the playback session each time
* the playback stops for the current media.
*/
playbackStop() {
this.lastPlaybackDuration +=
PillarboxMonitoring.timestamp() - this.lastPlaybackStartTimestamp;
this.lastPlaybackStartTimestamp = 0;
}
/**
* The current dimensions of the player.
*
* @typedef {Object} PlayerCurrentDimensions
* @property {number} width The current width of the player
* @property {number} height The current height of the player
*
* @returns {PlayerCurrentDimensions} The current dimensions of the player object.
*/
playerCurrentDimensions() {
return this.player.currentDimensions();
}
/**
* Information about the player.
*
* @typedef {Object} PlayerInfo
* @property {string} name The name of the player
* @property {string} version The version of the player
* @property {string} platform The platform on which the player is running
*
* @returns {PlayerInfo} An object containing player information.
*/
playerInfo() {
return {
name: this.playerName,
version: this.playerVersion,
platform: this.platform
};
}
/**
* Generates the QoE timings object.
*
* @typedef {Object} QoeTimings
* @property {number} metadata The time taken to load metadata
* @property {number} asset The time taken to load the asset
* @property {number} total The total time taken from session start to data load
*
* @param {number} timeToLoadedData The time taken to load the data
* @param {number} timestamp The current timestamp
*
* @returns {QoeTimings} The QoE timings
*/
qoeTimings(timeToLoadedData, timestamp) {
return {
metadata: this.metadataRequestTime,
asset: timeToLoadedData,
total: timestamp - this.sessionStartTimestamp
};
}
/**
* Generates the QoS timings object.
*
* @typedef {Object} QosTimings
* @property {number} asset The time taken to load the asset
* @property {number} drm The time taken for DRM processing
* @property {number} metadata The time taken to load metadata
* @property {number} token The time taken to request the token
*
* @param {number} timeToLoadedData The time taken to load the data
*
* @returns {QosTimings} The QoS timings
*/
qosTimings(timeToLoadedData) {
return {
asset: timeToLoadedData,
drm: this.getDrmRequestDuration(),
metadata: this.metadataRequestTime,
token: this.tokenRequestTime,
};
}
/**
* Removes all event listeners from the player and the window.
*/
removeListeners() {
this.player.off('loadstart', this.loadStart);
this.player.off('loadeddata', this.loadedData);
this.player.off('playing', this.playbackStart);
this.player.off('pause', this.playbackStop);
this.player.off('error', this.error);
this.player.off(['playerreset', 'dispose', 'ended'], this.sessionStop);
this.player.off(['waiting', 'stalled'], this.stalled);
window.removeEventListener('beforeunload', this.sessionStop);
}
/**
* Remove the token from the asset URL.
*
* @param {string} assetUrl The URL of the asset
*
* @returns {string|undefined} The URL without the token, or undefined if the
* input URL is invalid
*/
removeTokenFromAssetUrl(assetUrl) {
if (!assetUrl) return;
try {
const url = new URL(assetUrl);
url.searchParams.delete('hdnts');
return url.href;
} catch (e) {
return;
}
}
/**
* Resets the playback session and clears relevant properties.
*
* @param {Event} event The event that triggered the reset. If the event type
* is not 'ended' or 'playerreset', listeners will be removed.
*/
reset(event) {
this.currentSessionId = undefined;
this.lastPlaybackDuration = 0;
this.lastPlaybackStartTimestamp = 0;
this.lastStallCount = 0;
this.lastStallDuration = 0;
this.loadStartTimestamp = 0;
this.metadataRequestTime = 0;
this.mediaAssetUrl = undefined;
this.mediaId = undefined;
this.mediaMetadataUrl = undefined;
this.mediaOrigin = undefined;
this.sessionStartTimestamp = undefined;
this.tokenRequestTime = 0;
clearInterval(this.heartbeatIntervalId);
if (event && !['ended', 'playerreset'].includes(event.type)) {
this.removeListeners();
}
}
/**
* Sends an event to the server using the Beacon API.
*
* @param {string} eventName Either START, STOP, ERROR, HEARTBEAT
* @param {Object} [data={}] The payload object to be sent. Defaults to an
* empty object if not provided
*/
sendEvent(eventName, data = {}) {
// If the tracker is disabled for the current session, and there has been no
// previous session, no event is sent. However, if a session was already
// active, we still want to send the STOP event so that it is properly
// stopped.
if (
(this.isTrackerDisabled() && !this.currentSessionId) ||
!this.currentSessionId
) return;
const payload = JSON.stringify({
event_name: eventName,
session_id: this.currentSessionId,
timestamp: PillarboxMonitoring.timestamp(),
version: this.schemaVersion,
data
});
navigator.sendBeacon(
this.beaconUrl,
payload
);
}
/**
* Starts a new session by first stopping the previous session, then resetting
* the session start timestamp and media ID to their new values.
*/
sessionStart() {
if (this.sessionStartTimestamp) {
this.sessionStop();
}
// Reference timestamp used to calculate the different time metrics.
this.sessionStartTimestamp = PillarboxMonitoring.timestamp();
// At this stage currentSource().src is the media identifier
// and not the playable source.
this.mediaId = this.player.currentSource().src || undefined;
}
/**
* Stops the current session by sending a `STOP` event and resetting the
* session.
*
* @param {Event} [event] The event that triggered the stop. This is passed
* to the reset function.
*/
sessionStop(event) {
this.sendEvent('STOP', this.statusEventData());
this.reset(event);
}
/**
* Handles the stalled state of the player. Sets the stalled state and listens
* for the event that indicates the player is no longer stalled.
*/
stalled() {
if (
!this.player.hasStarted() ||
this.player.seeking() ||
this.isStalled
) return;
this.isStalled = true;
const stallStart = PillarboxMonitoring.timestamp();
const unstalled = () => {
const stallEnd = PillarboxMonitoring.timestamp();
this.isStalled = false;
this.lastStallCount += 1;
this.lastStallDuration += (stallEnd - stallStart);
};
// As Safari is not consistent with its playing event, it is better to use
// the timeupdate event.
if (pillarbox.browser.IS_ANY_SAFARI) {
this.player.one('timeupdate', unstalled);
} else {
// As Chromium-based browsers are not consistent with their timeupdate
// event, it is better to use the playing event.
//
// Firefox is consistent with its playing event.
this.player.one('playing', unstalled);
}
}
/**
* Information about the player's stall events.
*
* @typedef {Object} StallInfo
* @property {number} count The number of stall events
* @property {number} duration The total duration of stall events in
* milliseconds
*
* @returns {StallInfo} An object containing the stall information
*/
stallInfo() {
return {
count: this.lastStallCount,
duration: this.lastStallDuration,
};
}
/**
* Get data on the current playback state. Will be used when sending `HEARTBEAT` or `STOP` events.
*
* @typedef {Object} StatusEventData
* @property {number} bandwidth The current bandwidth
* @property {number|undefined} bitrate The bitrate of the current resource
* @property {number} buffered_duration The duration of the buffered content
* @property {number} frame_drops The number of dropped frames
* @property {number} playback_duration The duration of the playback
* @property {number} position The current playback position
* @property {number} position_timestamp The timestamp of the current playback position
* @property {Object} stall Information about any stalls
* @property {string} stream_type The type of stream, either 'on-demand' or 'live'
* @property {string|undefined} url The URL of the current resource
*
* @returns {StatusEventData} The current event data
*/
statusEventData() {
const audio = this.currentAudioTrack();
const bandwidth = this.bandwidth();
const buffered_duration = this.bufferDuration();
const { bitrate, url } = this.currentResource();
const {
droppedVideoFrames: frame_drops
} = this.player.getVideoPlaybackQuality();
const playback_duration = this.playbackDuration();
const { position, position_timestamp } = this.playbackPosition();
const stream_type = isFinite(this.player.duration()) ? 'On-demand' : 'Live';
const stall = this.stallInfo();
const subtitles = this.currentTextTrack();
const data = {
audio,
bandwidth,
bitrate,
buffered_duration,
frame_drops,
playback_duration,
position,
position_timestamp,
stall,
stream_type,
subtitles,
url,
};
return data;
}
/**
* Generates the data for the start event.
*
* @typedef {Object} Device
* @property {string} id The device ID.
*
* @typedef {Object} StartEventData
* @property {string} browser The user agent string of the browser.
* @property {Device} device Information about the device.
* @property {MediaInfo} media Information about the media.
* @property {PlayerInfo} player Information about the player.
* @property {QoeTimings} qoe_timings Quality of Experience timings.
* @property {QosTimings} qos_timings Quality of Service timings.
* @property {PlayerCurrentDimensions} screen The current dimensions of the
* player.
*
* @returns {StartEventData} An object containing the start event data.
*/
startEventData() {
const timestamp = PillarboxMonitoring.timestamp();
// This avoids false subtraction results when loadStartTimestamp is not
// initialized.
// loadStartTimestamp will be 0 if loadstart is not triggered.
// This is the case when a STARTDATE error occurs.
const timeToLoadedData = this
.loadStartTimestamp ? timestamp - this.loadStartTimestamp : 0;
if (!this.isTrackerDisabled()) {
this.currentSessionId = PillarboxMonitoring.sessionId();
}
this.mediaAssetUrl = this
.removeTokenFromAssetUrl(this.player.currentSource().src);
this.mediaMetadataUrl = this.getMetadataInfo(this.mediaId).name;
this.metadataRequestTime = this.getMetadataInfo(this.mediaId).duration;
this.mediaOrigin = window.location.href;
this.tokenRequestTime = this.getTokenRequestDuration(
this.currentSourceMediaData().tokenType
);
return {
browser: PillarboxMonitoring.userAgent(),
device: { id: PillarboxMonitoring.deviceId() },
media: this.mediaInfo(),
player: this.playerInfo(),
qoe_timings: this.qoeTimings(timeToLoadedData, timestamp),
qos_timings: this.qosTimings(timeToLoadedData),
screen: this.playerCurrentDimensions()
};
}
/**
* Returns a string representing the error key combined with its error code.
*
* If the error code doesn't exist the error key undefined.
*
* @param {number} code The error code
*
* @returns {string} The error key combined with its error code
*/
static errorKeyCode(code) {
const error = [
'MEDIA_ERR_CUSTOM',
...Object.keys(window.MediaError),
'MEDIA_ERR_ENCRYPTED'
];
return `${error[code]}: ${code}`;
}
/**
* Generates a new session ID.
*
* @returns {string} random UUID
*/
static sessionId() {
return PillarboxMonitoring.randomUUID();
}
/**
* Retrieve or generate a unique device ID and stores it in localStorage.
*
* @returns {string|undefined} The device ID if localStorage is available,
* otherwise `undefined`
*/
static deviceId() {
if (!localStorage) return;
const deviceIdKey = 'pillarbox_device_id';
let deviceId = localStorage.getItem(deviceIdKey);
if (!deviceId) {
deviceId = PillarboxMonitoring.randomUUID();
localStorage.setItem(deviceIdKey, deviceId);
}
return deviceId;
}
/**
* Generate a cryptographically secure random UUID.
*
* @returns {string}
*/
static randomUUID() {
if (!crypto.randomUUID) {
// Polyfill from the author of uuid js which is simple and
// cryptographically secure.
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/2117523
return '10000000-1000-4000-8000-100000000000'.replace(/[018]/g, c =>
// eslint-disable-next-line
(+c ^ crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(1))[0] & 15 >> +c / 4)
.toString(16));
}
return crypto.randomUUID();
}
/**
* converts seconds into milliseconds.
*
* @param {number} seconds
*
* @returns {number} milliseconds as an integer value
*/
static secondsToMilliseconds(seconds) {
return parseInt(seconds * 1000);
}
/**
* The timestamp in milliseconds.
*
* @return {number} milliseconds as an integer value
*/
static timestamp() {
return Date.now();
}
/**
* The browser's user agent.
*
* @returns {string}
*/
static userAgent() {
return {
user_agent: navigator.userAgent
};
}
}
export default PillarboxMonitoring;
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